The Global Church Era · 1904-1910 · Wales, India, Korea
The 1904-07 Revival Family (Wales; Mukti India; Pyongyang Korea)
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About This Movement
Three revivals broke out within a few years of each other in three parts of the world, and none of them descended from the others or from Azusa Street. In Wales the revival ran through 1904 and 1905 and was reported almost daily in the Western Mail by a correspondent writing as 'Awstin', with Evan Roberts as its public face; W. T. Stead published The Revival in the West in 1905. At Pandita Ramabai's Mukti mission in India it came in 1905, and Minnie Abrams, who worked there, described what happened in The Baptism of the Holy Ghost and Fire the following year. In Korea it began in January 1907, at a Bible conference at the Presbyterian seminary in Pyongyang, on ground that Korean colporteurs and foreign missionaries had been working since the 1880s. Three separate beginnings, recorded almost verbatim as they happened, which is why this map keeps them together rather than tracing them to a single source.
Sources
- Wales: Western Mail revival supplements ('Awstin', 1904-05); W. T. Stead, The Revival in the West (1905); Evan Roberts via journalism and War on the Saints (1913, with Penn-Lewis) (primary) — First-hand journalism from the time, plus later material written after Roberts' own breakdown - each carries its own advocacy angle.
- Mukti: Pandita Ramabai's own mission press (Mukti Prayer-Bell); Minnie Abrams, The Baptism of the Holy Ghost & Fire (1906) (primary) — The founder's own mission press record, and the revival's theology set out by a woman co-worker - influence that reached as far as Chile by 1909.
- Pyongyang: Korean church histories' own accounts (Kil Son-ju); William N. Blair's eyewitness account (with Bruce Hunt as The Korean Pentecost and the Sufferings Which Followed, Banner of Truth, 1977) (primary) — Korea's own church histories, alongside a missionary's eyewitness account compiled and published years later.
- R. Tudur Jones, Faith and the Crisis of a Nation: Wales 1890-1914 (ET 2004); Sung-Deuk Oak, The Making of Korean Christianity (Baylor, 2013) (secondary)
- CHC vol. 9 (McLeod, 2006) (reference)