The Global Church Era · 1950s-present · Brazil, Nigeria, Ghana, Korea, Philippines
Global South Pentecostal Christianity
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About This Movement
By the second half of the century the weight of Pentecostal Christianity had moved south, and the churches carrying it were mostly founded in the Global South by people from it. The Assembleias de Deus in Brazil date from 1911; the Redeemed Christian Church of God was founded in Nigeria in 1952; Yoido Full Gospel Church in Seoul from 1958; the Igreja Universal in Brazil from 1977; El Shaddai in the Philippines from 1984. They are not one tradition and this map does not pretend otherwise — only a bounded window — one body, one country, one generation — describes anything real here. The family's sharpest internal argument, over prosperity teaching, is on the record in the family's own published words: in the sermons that teach it, and in the critiques published by the Lausanne movement and by African evangelical theologians who reject it.
Sources
- RCCG records (1952–, Holy Ghost Congress); Yoido Full Gospel Church (1958–, Cho, The Fourth Dimension, 1979); Assembleias de Deus (1911–); Igreja Universal (1977–, Macedo); El Shaddai (1984, Velarde) (primary)
- The prosperity-gospel tension in these churches' own voices: prosperity teaching in their own published sermons, and the published critiques from within the same Pentecostal family (Lausanne evaluations; African evangelical theologians' rebukes) (primary) — The prosperity-gospel debate as this family of churches argues it out itself, with both sides represented from the inside.
- Allan Anderson, An Introduction to Pentecostalism (2004; 2nd ed. 2013/14) (secondary) — The survey standard, majority-world-centered.
- David Martin, Tongues of Fire (1990) and Pentecostalism: The World Their Parish (2002); Ogbu Kalu, African Pentecostalism (OUP, 2008); Miller & Yamamori, Global Pentecostalism (2007) (secondary)
- Pew's Spirit and Power (2006) and Global Christianity (2011); World Christian Encyclopedia, 3rd ed. (2019); and denominations' own self-reported counts (reference) — Pew and the World Christian Encyclopedia give carefully checked figures, though how 'classical,' 'charismatic' and 'renewalist' get defined changes the count. Denominations' own self-reported numbers are less independently verifiable, and the widely repeated figure of 600 million should always be read with that complication in mind.
- CHC vol. 9 (Part I Pentecostalism coverage) (reference)